Yes children can get periodontal disease, although serious gum disease is much less common in children than it is in adults. If you have noticed blood on your child’s toothbrush or their gums looking a little red and puffy, it is worth paying attention. These changes are often caused by gingivitis, an early form of gum disease, but occasionally they can point to something more serious.
It is easy to assume that gum problems are something to worry about later in life, once the adult teeth have come through. In reality, gum health matters at every age. The earlier a problem is spotted, the easier it is to work out what is causing it and what needs to be done.
What Causes Gum Disease In Children?
In most cases, it comes down to plaque. This sticky film of bacteria builds up on the teeth throughout the day, particularly around the gumline. If it is not removed properly, the gums can become irritated and inflamed.
Children do not always find brushing as straightforward as adults might think. They may rush through it, miss the teeth at the back or struggle to clean along the gumline. Even children who brush every day can leave behind plaque without realising it.
There are other things to consider too. During puberty, hormonal changes can make the gums react more strongly to plaque.
Some medical conditions and genetic factors can also increase the risk of developing more serious gum problems. So, if your child is experiencing persistent symptoms, it is not necessarily a reflection of how well they look after their teeth.
What Are The Signs To Look Out For?
Gum disease does not always hurt, which is one reason it can go unnoticed. You might spot something while helping your child brush their teeth or they may mention that their gums feel sore. Common signs include:
- Bleeding When Brushing: A little blood in the sink should not simply be brushed off as normal.
- Red Or Swollen Gums: The gumline may look puffy, feel tender or appear different from usual.
- Bad Breath: If your child’s breath remains unpleasant despite regular brushing, bacteria around the teeth and gums could be contributing.
- Receding Gums: The gums may appear to be pulling away from the teeth.
- Unexpectedly Loose Teeth: Baby teeth naturally loosen before falling out, but a permanent tooth that becomes loose needs prompt assessment.
Of course, not every symptom means your child has periodontal disease. Bleeding, for example, is often associated with gingivitis, which can usually be reversed with effective cleaning and professional advice. If the symptoms keep returning, however, it is sensible to arrange a dental appointment.
A little blood in the sink should not simply be brushed off as normal.
Can Children Develop Severe Periodontitis?
They can, although it is uncommon. Periodontitis is a more advanced form of gum disease that damages the tissues and bone holding the teeth in place. Certain forms can progress quickly, particularly in susceptible individuals, and may affect permanent teeth if left untreated.
In some children and teenagers, genetic factors or underlying medical conditions may contribute to the development of severe gum disease. A family history of early tooth loss or significant periodontal problems is worth mentioning to us.
It is important not to jump to conclusions if your child has bleeding gums. Gingivitis is far more common and a dental professional can assess whether the problem is limited to surface inflammation or requires further investigation.
Periodontitis is a more advanced form of gum disease that damages the tissues and bone holding the teeth in place.
How Can You Protect Your Child’s Gums?
Good habits at home make a real difference. Encourage your child to brush twice a day with fluoride toothpaste, taking particular care around the gumline. Younger children will need help and older children may still benefit from someone checking that they have cleaned thoroughly.
Cleaning between the teeth is also important when appropriate for their age and dental development. Regular dental check-ups give your dentist the opportunity to spot changes that might otherwise be missed.
When Should You Contact The Perio Centre?
If your child’s gums continue to bleed, remain swollen or look as though they are pulling away from the teeth, speak to their general dentist. Where there are concerns about more advanced gum disease, visiting a periodontal specialist may be recommended.
At The Perio Centre, the priority is to understand what is happening to the gums and determine the most appropriate next step. An assessment can help establish whether symptoms are consistent with early gum inflammation or whether further periodontal investigation is needed.
The main thing to remember is that children should not have to put up with sore or bleeding gums. Often, a few changes to their oral hygiene routine and the right dental advice are enough to get things back on track. If symptoms persist, getting them checked sooner rather than later gives your child the best chance of maintaining healthy gums as their adult teeth develop!
Dr Simon Stern is a registered Specialist Periodontist at The Perio Centre. His qualifications include BDS MJDF RCS (Eng) MClinDent MPerio RCS (Ed). He lectures at both national and international conferences, and has published papers in several well-respected journals.
